How PFAS exposure leads to testicular cancer
Unlike many occupational carcinogens that damage DNA directly, PFAS drive testicular cancer through a hormonal pathway. In addition to disturbing testosterone signaling and the balance of reproductive hormones, PFAS compounds interfere with immune regulation and gene expression in ways that lead to abnormal cellular growth.
PFAS compounds accumulate in blood serum and persist for years after external exposure ends, meaning internal exposure continues long after a worker leaves the contaminated environment. The C8 Science Panel found a probable link between PFOA exposure and testicular cancer, one of only a handful of diseases to meet that standard, and a quantitative meta-analysis found approximately a 3% increased risk per 10 ng/mL increase in serum PFOA.
Firefighting foam used in training exercises and emergency derailment response, and contaminated groundwater near rail yards and maintenance facilities are potential sources of PFAS exposure for railroad workers.