During the rescue and recovery process, they worked near asbestos, heavy metals, benzene, and carcinogenic dust particles. Many worked without proper respiratory protection due to the urgent nature of their medical duties, without realizing the permanent damage this would cause.
Paramedics faced particular dangers during rescue, triage, and medical support operations:
- Breathing in toxic dust particles through the mouth, throat, and lungs
- Contact with contaminated debris and surfaces during patient care
- Exposure to the dust cloud settling on skin and clothing
- Inhaling smoke and combustion byproducts from fires that continued for months
Overall cancer risk among paramedics is approximately 19 percent higher compared to the general working population. Paramedics show significantly higher risk for prostate cancer, as well as elevated rates of thyroid cancer, leukemia, and gastrointestinal cancers.
Responders who arrived early on September 11 or worked longer at the Ground Zero site had higher exposure and increased risk of developing serious illnesses. Paramedics who inhaled hazardous substances have developed chronic respiratory problems, including asthma, bronchitis, and chronic coughing. Mental health disorders are common, including post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, anxiety, insomnia, and substance abuse.
Relevant job titles
- Paramedic
- Emergency Medical Technician (EMT)
- EMS responder
- Medical first responder
